BOTANICAL GARDENS

Have you ever been to the Botanical Gardens in Bogor? It’s said that the gardens are always crowded on Sundays and holiday. If you go to this Botanical Gardens by car, you can park the car near the office of the Botanical Gardens. A guide will welcome you and show you the way to the gardens. There are a lot of shades in the gardens and the gardens are quite. Some people say that they are good places for a picnic. They are shady everywhere and the scenery is beautiful. The guide will explain everything about the gardens.

You will see a glass house. It is full of colorful orchids. Different kinds of orchids are planted. The planters and gardeners try to grow different kinds of orchids from the ones that they have. They have been doing this for many years, and now they have more than a thousand kinds of orchids.

Students who are interested in botany and forestry may go to the Botanical Gardens. They will see lot of plants there. They can enjoy the plants, flowers and tropical trees. They can also see a gigantic diameter of mature tree trunk.

The water-lilies are also interesting. There are three different colors of them on the water. The flowers only bloom in the morning and evening, when the sun is not too hot.

Botanical Gardens are gardens where plants are grown and displayed for scientific and educational purposes. Botanical gardens consist of a collection of living plants. They are grown outdoors or under glass in greenhouses and conservatories. Botanical gardens also include a collection of dried plants, or herbarium. Certain facilities such as lecture rooms, laboratories, libraries, museums, and experimental or research plantings are also provided in this garden .

The plants may be arranged according to one or more subdivisions. The arrangements may be systematic (by plant classification), ecological (by relation to environment), or geographic (by region of origin). The larger botanical gardens often include special groupings, such as rock gardens, water gardens, wildflower and collections of horticultural groups. They are produced by plant breeding, such as roses, tulips, or rhododendrons.

One of the earliest botanical gardens for the study of plants was established in ancient Athens about 340 BC. It was designed by Aristotle and run by his pupil Theophrastus. The oldest botanical gardens opened to the public in the world are those established at Pisa, Italy, in 1543; at Padua (Pad ova), Italy, in 1545; at Paris in 1635; and at Berlin in 1679. In the 16^th and 17^th centuries, herbalist cultivated medicinal herbs in private gardens. In 1673, the Society of Apothecaries planted the Chelsea Physic Garden in London to provide materials for research and medicine. The first experimental botanical garden in the United States was established by the American botanist John Bartram. It was located near Philadelphia in 1728.

Almost every major city has a botanical garden. The Royal Botanic Gardens, better known as Kew Gardens, near London in the world. Experiments and research were done there. They have led to the transplanting of crops, such as rubber, from their native habitats to other parts of the world.

More than 300 botanical gardens are in the U.S. Among the most important are the Missouri Botanic Gardens in St. Louis (1859); the New Work Botanical Gardens in Bronx Park (1895) and the Brooklyn Botanic garden, both in New York City.

Free Socialism in Indonesia

Everyone has to socialize because everyone need friends. They can not live by themselves without help from other people. Nowadays, relationship among kids and teenagers in Indonesia is worse than before. Some parents are afraid when their kids and teens are playing out. They are worried that if their children lead their life on the wrong path, such as doing free sex, drugs abuse and crime traits. Crime traits happen everywhere without humaneness. In some countries in the world like America, free sex and drugs abuse are not something surprising, but not in Indonesia. Kids and teens are easily to trapped in the wrong way. Looking for self identify, and wanting to have a free life are some of the reasons why kids and teens prefer to have free socialism. Free socialism is not always give positive effects but also the negative effects. Although it all depends on themselves, how they position they selves to do something. However, free socialism among teenagers in Indonesia can cause free sex, drug abuse and crime traits.

Having unhealthy relationship with the opposite sex can cause free sex. It can be happened because of many reasons and factors. Firstly, they think that free sex is a way to prove their loving. They misinterpret their ideas. They might be afraid that their boyfriends or girlfriends are unfaithful so they prove their love by hugging and kissing, in order to keep their love. They can not blame anyone if they get pregnant before marriage. Free sex can be habit forming. Secondly, they are curious to try free sex because some of their friends have done free sex. They might be curious to do that because they had heard something sounds good about free sex. Free sex can give them satisfaction temporarily. Thirdly, they can not hold back their passion because their beliefs are decreasing. Religion is important for everybody. It can be their compass, thus if someone can increase their religion, they can escape from the wrong way. Fourthly, they often change their partner after breaking up. It is a habit to find a new partner after breaking up, but the problem is they often change their partner, so it can be cause they to had sexual intercourse with many persons because it is an ordinary habit to do. It is really bad to know that free socialism in Indonesia can cause free sex. Sixty percent kids and teens in Indonesia experienced in sex with their partner before marriage.

Having many problems, despair and share with the wrong person can cause drug abuse. Sometimes problems were came unfathomed. And it can make someone down or depressed when having many problems. One problem has not solved, the other problem has came. Sometimes kids and teen try drugs to fit in with a group of friends or they might be curious or just bored. A person may use illegal drugs for many reasons. First, they usually go out from home and find something new to try, one of them is drug. Free socialism means that they had free relations with everybody without looking the negative side of that person. It can be something wrong when they talked about their problems to they friends, but they had shared with the wrong person and they will can be interest with using drugs because they friends are used to. They should share with the adult that they trust. This could be parents, other relative or school counselor. Second, some of them think that drug can made them happy. If a person is sad or upset, a drug can temporarily make the person feel better, happy and forgot about problems. But this escape lasts only until the drug wears off. Drugs do not solve problems, of course. And using drugs often causes other problems on top of the problems the person had in the first place. A person who uses drugs can become dependent on them or addicted. Third, they are interested to losing their weight or to boost their confident. They think popping a few pills will help they lose their weight, confident or stay awake. They might envious when they see the body of their friends are slim. So, they will try everything to lose their weight and to be confident. But free socialism with the bad person can fall into a trap, drug. By uses drugs, the person’s body becomes so accustomed to having this drug that he or she can not fuction well without it. Once a person is addicted, it is very hard to stop taking drugs. Stopping can cause withdrawal symptoms, such as vomiting (throwing up), sweating, and tremors (shaking). These sick feelings continue until the person's body gets adjusted to being drug free again.

Not having a lot of money can cause crime traits. Many factors that often cause traits. First, social gap among kids and teenagers. Having rich parents might be all child’s hope. But, the fact we are life in many difference. Human are created equal but everybody must to accept their fate. Many rich people around them. But some people life with their bad luck. And it can cause someone to commit a crime. Free socialism had take them to the crime if they can not control their selves. Second, their belief’s decreasing. This is a factor that can make them to commit a crime if their belief decrease. Religion is something must not forgotten. It is should be increased in order to control their selves. Third, there is an opportunity to commit crime. All can not be done by them except there is opportunity to do that. Maybe they friends have been stolen money or hand phone. And it can be they motivator to commit a crime because some of them are having not a lot of money.

They must think twice before doing something. The days can not be repeated, times can not be stop. Save the next generations especially kids and teens because they are very need more attentions from the adult to orient them in order to be a wise and good person. They are many negatives impacts because of free socialism. So, we must be careful in socialism, and we must to control and stabilize our self in order to escape from bad effects of free socialism.

mengenal ikan piranha

Ikan piranha termasul ikan air tawar yang habitat aslinya ada di sungai Amazon, Brazil. Ikan piranha ditemukan di perairan sungai dan danau di daerah yang beriklim tropis yang kebanyakan berlokasi di selatan timur negara-negara Amerika. Piranha tersebar di beberapa sungai antara lain Orinoco (Venezuela), Rio e la Plata (Argentina) dan sungai Paraguay (Paraguay).

Ikan piranha tinggal secara berkelompok di sungai dan anak sungainya dalam angka-angka yang masih tergolong kecil selama bertahun-tahun, namun kondisi perairan di negara-negara yang beriklim tropis tidak menutup kemungkinan ikan ini dapat berkembang biak denga baik.

Jika terjadi kecerobohan yang menyebabkan lepasnya ikan piranha di perairan bebas negara beriklim tropis, dapat memberikan kesempatan ikan piranha untuk berkembang biak, sehingga ditakutkan akan mengganggu ekosistem perairan air tawar dan menimbulkan keresahan penduduk akan keberadaan piranha di negara-negara beriklim tropis tersebut. Hal ini menyebabkan beberapa negara sangat ketat dalam membuat peraturan, agar piranha tidak masuk ke negaranya.

Para ahli ikan tropis tengah mencari jawaban bagaimana seekor ikan pemakan daging piranha, yang berasal dari belantara Amazon, Brazil, muncul di sungai Thames yang penuh lumpur di London, Inggris.namun diperkirakan tidak akan mampu hidup lama karena dinginnya serta derasnya air yang mengalir di sungai Thames. Begitu juga dengan ikan piranha yang pernah ditemukan di perairan sungai di Jepang, Hongkong, dan negara nontropis lainnya akan sangat sulit untuk beradaptasi atau bahkan berkembanga biak melihat konisi cuaca yang tidak sesuai.

Ciri-ciri Piranha

Piranha adalah sejenis ikan yang istimewa. Apabila dilihat secara visual

Ikan piranha mirip dengan ikan bawal yang hidup di air tawar. Piranha memilki ciri-ciri tersendiri, iantaranya mempunyai sifat yang agresif dengan mata yang besar bulat merah, dilengkapi gigi-gigi segitiga yang runcing dan tajam pada ujung-ujung mulutnya yang monyong maju ke depan. Rata-rata ikan ini mempunyai berat antara 600 gram sampai 700 gram, walaupun ada beberapa species di Amerika Selatan ada yang beretnya mencapai 4 kilogram. Seperti pada jenis piranha perut merah dan piranha hitam mata merah yang memiliki tubuh lebih besar dan jenis tersebut sangat berbahaya bagi manusia.

Keganasan piranha terlihat jelas pada saat memangsa mangsanya. Piranha biasanya bergerombol dan apabila ada bau darah piranha apat langsung memakan mangsanya dengan gigi-giginya yang tajam bagaikan pisau dipasangi seperti tombak. Dengan menerkam dan merobek-robek daging mangsanya tak sampai satu jam dan yang tertinggal hanyalah rangka hewan yang bernasib malang.

Ikan ini juga dapat membuat perlindungan bagi dirinya dari serangan ikan-ikan besar. Dengan membentuk kawanan atau berkelompok agar tidak menjadi mangsa ikan-ikan besar.

Free Socialism in Indonesia

Narrowed-down topic :

Socialism → Relationship → Free socialism → Kids and teenagers

Thesis Statement :

Free Socialism among teenagers in Indonesia can cause free sex, drug abuse an crime traits.

Organization (outline) :

Body :

I. Having unhealthy relationship with the opposite sex can cause free sex.

- They think that free sex is evidence of their loving.

- They are curious to free sex because some of their friends have done free sex

- They can not enhance passion because their belief decrease.

- They often change their partner after broke.

II. Having many problems, despair and share with the wrong person can cause drug abuse.

- They usually to go out from home and find something new to try, one of them is drug.

- Some of them think that drug can made them happy.

- They interest to lose their weight or to made them be confident.

III. Having not a lot of money can cause crime traits.

- Social gap among kids and teenagers.

- Their belief decrease.

- There is an opportunity to do that.

Conclusion :

They are many negatives caused from free socialism. So, we must to be careful in socialism, and we must to control and stabilize our self in order to escape from the bad effects of free socialism.

Berbelanja Bisa Bikin Hidup Lebih Lama

PENELITI mengungkapkan berbelanja ternyata bisa membuat orang panjang umur. Dengan berbelanja, Anda dapat bertemu orang lain, badan bergerak, dan mempertahankan pola makan yang sehat. Hasil penelitian diterbitkan dalam Journal of Epidemiology dan Community Health baru-baru ini.

Seorang pakar terkemuka di Inggris, David Oliver, mengatakan temuan itu masuk akal. Sebab, berbelanja melibatkan kegiatan fisik, interaksi sosial, dan membuat mental orang lebih aktif. Manfaat itu lebih terasa pada warga yang usianya di atas 65 tahun.

Penelitian dipimpin Dr Yu-Hung Chang dari Lembaga Ilmu Kesehatan Kependudukan Taiwan. Ia dan timnya meneliti hampir 2.000 pria dan wanita usia 65 tahun ke atas yang tinggal di rumah mereka sendiri.

Peneliti menemukan bahwa mereka yang secara berkala berbelanja hidup lebih lama daripada mereka yang berbelanja hanya satu kali satu pekan atau kurang. Peneliti juga memperhitungkan faktor-faktor seperti kelemahan fisik dan kemunduran kemampuan kognitif.

Mereka mengakui berbelanja mungkin adalah pertanda awal kesehatan yang bagus. Namun mereka juga secara tersirat mengatakan berbelanja itu sendiri bisa meningkatkan taraf kesehatan.

"Berbelanja sering untuk bersenang-senang dengan peluang untuk meningkatkan kondisi psikologi," ujar peneliti. "Jika dibandingkan dengan jenis kegiatan fisik santai lain, seperti gerak badan resmi, yang biasanya memerlukan motivasi dan terkadang petunjuk profesional, kegiatan berbelanja lebih mudah dilakukan dan dipertahankan."

Anak Kedua Lebih Sukses Dalam Hidupnya

Anak ke berapakah Anda Sebuah penelitian menemukan posisi anak memainkan peran dalam keberhasilan di masa depan. Dalam penelitian itu menunjukkan anak kedua lebih sukses dibanding anak pertama. Mau tau alasannya

Sebuah penelitian baru di Universitas Cambridge menunjukkan bahwa perdebatan antara saudara laki-laki dan perempuan benar-benar meningkatkan keterampilan sosial, kosakata, dan perkembangannya. Selain itu persaingan antar saudara juga dapat meningkatkan perkembangan mental dan emosional.

Dr Claire Hughes, dari Newnham College, Cambridge, mengatakan dalam siaran persnya. "Bukti kami menunjukkan pemahaman sosial anak-anak dapat dipercepat oleh interaksi mereka dengan saudara kandung dalam banyak kasus".

"Saudara yang lebih agresif adalah mereka yang sering membantah dan anak yang lebih tua menempatkan anak yang lebih muda di bawahnya sehingga semakin membuat mereka belajar pelajaran yang kompleks tentang komunikasi dan seluk-beluk bahasa," jelas Hughes.

Dalam penelitian ini, sebanyak 140 anak-anak berusia antara 2 hingga 6 tahun dianalisa perkembangan kognitif dan sosial mereka selama lima tahun. Para peneliti membawa anak-anak dari keluarga berpenghasilan rendah dan keluarga dengan orangtua remaja. Sekitar 43 persen dari anak-anak yang disurvei memiliki ibu yang merupakan anak pertama sewaktu remaja, dan 25 persen berasal dari keluarga yang hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan.

Berbagai macam tes telah dilakukan termasuk pengamatan video dari perilaku mereka, dan kuesioner dengan orangtua, guru, dan anak-anak sendiri.

Peneliti berpandangan bahwa jatuhnya anak-anak mengembangkan persaingan mereka dan membantu mereka membentuk hubungan sosial di kemudian hari. "Ketika anak-anak berdebat dalam sebuah kasus membuat mereka benar-benar mendapatkan manfaat dari konfrontasi," katanya.

"Orangtua yang lelah dengan pertengkaran di antara anak-anak yang terus menerus harus mengambil kenyamanan, faktanya bahwa anak-anak mereka sedang belajar pentingnya keterampilan sosial".

"Saudara kedua berbuat lebih baik dalam pengujian kami, dan anak-anak yang memiliki pemahaman sosial yang lebih baik yang menjadi lebih populer di kemudian hari".

"Pandangan tradisional menunjukkan memiliki saudara laki-laki atau perempuan menyebabkan banyak kompetisi untuk mendapatkan perhatian orangtua dan cintanya".

Hughes menambahkan, "Anak-anak bisa mengajar orang dewasa beberapa hal karena mereka sering menyelesaikan perselisihan dengan cepat agar dapat bermain kembali," jelasnya.

"Anak-anak bisa menyadari keadilan antara mereka dan saudara mereka yang sulit dikelola orangtua, tapi perilaku ini hanya menunjukkan berapa besar kepedulian mereka".

Hughes mengatakan, anak-anak yang memiliki performa terbaik dalam melaksanakan tugas yang dirancang peneliti berada pada usia enam tahun. Mereka berasal dari keluarga yang ibunya melakukan percakapan dengan menguraikan ide-ide, menyorot perbedaan dalam sudut pandang atau menyesuaikannya dengan kesenangan anak.

"Banyaknya perhatian yang telah diberikan berdampak menguntungkan bagi anak-anak yang terlibat banyak percakapan dalam keluarga. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kita perlu fokus pada dasar dan kualitas percakapan itu juga,"pungkasnya.

Sekarang tinggal Anda yang menilai, sesuaikah penelitian ini dengan kehidupan Anda

Liputan6.com, London